What were the two ways plague affected Europe?

1. Demographic: The Black Death caused a significant loss of life in Europe, with estimates ranging from 30% to 50% of the population. The loss of life had profound consequences for the social, economic, and cultural fabric of Europe.

2. Social and Economic: The plague led to a labor shortage, which had a significant impact on the economy. It led to an increase in wages for those who survived, but it also caused widespread poverty. The disruption of trade and commerce led to economic decline.