Plan your route. Consider where in Europe you would like to go and for how long. Don't be intimidated by traveling alone for an extended period. You'll always be able to make friends along the way. If you hope to see multiple countries, remember to allow yourself enough time in each country to really absorb the culture. Consider getting a Eurail pass that allows you rail travel in multiple countries and make sure that you understand the visa requirements for those countries. Most EU countries are part of the Schengen Agreement, meaning it's unlikely you will need a visa, however countries like Cyprus are still not part of the agreement.
Sort out your finances. Since you won't have anyone with you to pool your money with, you will need to plan your finances ahead of time. When you go to Europe make sure you have a credit card, just in case, as well as a debit card that you can use for purchases and for getting cash. Luckily, much of Europe uses Euros so you won't have to worry about constantly changing currency.
Learn some of the language. While most countries in Europe speak English, it is always courteous to be able to say a few phrases in the local language, especially if you are lost or need help. Consider taking a short language course or at the very least getting a phrase book.
Consider taking a short self defense course before you leave. It's unlikely that you will actually need it, but a self-defense course will help to build up your confidence before you take your trip abroad.
Take care of your personal possessions. Leave the purse at home and bring a backpack instead. Pack lightly. If you're worried about your luggage being stolen, consider purchasing a bag protector alert which works like a car alarm, letting you know if your bag has been moved. Don't forget to make copies of all your important travel documents in case something does get stolen.
Stay alert. Just like at home, always be cautious around crowded areas such as railways stations where somebody can easily pick your pocket. Be cautious of overly friendly locals particularly someone looking to buy you a drink for no reason.
Get a mobile phone. Mobile phones are perfect for staying in touch with family back home and for staying in touch with people you meet on your travels. If your phone plan is on the GSM network you should be able to make international phone calls. However, it might just be cheaper to buy a SIM card for your GSM phone. If you don't have a GSM phone, simply get a pay-as-you-go phone in Europe.
Stay at a hostel. Not only are hostels cheap but they are an excellent place to meet people and make friends from all over the world, many of whom may be traveling alone as well.
Organize trips and nights out with friends from the hostel. Just because you are traveling alone doesn't mean you can't go sightseeing with friends from the hostel. Also, if you plan to go out for drinks, it's always a good idea to have a friend from the hostel with you so you can both look out for each other.
