Norway is a long, narrow country in Northern Europe, sharing land borders with Sweden, Finland, and Russia to the east, and Denmark to the south via a maritime boundary. Its western coastline stretches along the North Sea and the Norwegian Sea, famous for its deep fjords.
The country divides into three main regions:
Norway enjoys a temperate coastal climate moderated by the Gulf Stream. Oslo averages 17°C (63°F) in July and -2°C (28°F) in January. Western coastal areas receive heavy precipitation, up to 2,500 mm (100 in) annually.
The landscape is predominantly mountainous, with the Scandinavian Mountains running through the country. The highest peak is Galdhøpiggen at 2,469 m (8,100 ft). Deep valleys, fjords, and numerous lakes carve the terrain.
Eastern and southern regions are covered in boreal forests of spruce, pine, and birch. Western and northern areas transition to alpine tundra and barren mountainous landscapes.
Norway hosts diverse fauna including brown bears, wolves, lynxes, moose, reindeer, and seals. Birdlife features golden eagles, white-tailed eagles, and puffins.
Norway's robust economy is built on abundant natural resources—oil, gas, and fish—complemented by advanced manufacturing and services. The country boasts a very high standard of living, long life expectancy, and a strong social safety net.