Was the 2009 Copenhagen Climate Summit (COP15) a Success?

COP15 (Copenhagen, 2009) is widely regarded as a failure to achieve its primary goal: a legally binding post-2012 emissions treaty. The outcome was the non-binding Copenhagen Accord, with voluntary pledges. Some progress occurred (Green Climate Fund, recognition of 2°C limit), but the lack of enforceable commitments and transparency disappointed most nations and NGOs. Subsequent COPs (Cancún, Durban, Paris) built toward the 2015 Paris Agreement.