How did the Aztecs change land near Mexico City?

Chinampas: The Aztecs constructed chinampas, an innovative farming system that transformed marshy areas in the Valley of Mexico into valuable agricultural regions. These were artificial raised fields in the shallow Lake Texcoco. To create chinampas, fertile soil and organic materials were piled on reed mats anchored in the lakebed. Crops such as maize, beans, squash, tomatoes, and chiles were grown on these floating islands.

Dam and Canal Networks: The Aztecs developed impressive water control systems, including dams, canals, and dikes. Notably, the Chalco Dam diverted water from the mountains to supply nearby regions for both irrigation and drinking purposes. These water management systems increased agricultural yields, ensured a steady water supply for the growing city, and even aided in transportation.

Causeways: The Aztecs built causeways across the marshy areas surrounding Mexico City. These elevated roadways facilitated transport and communication between the island city and the mainland. The most well-known causeway is the one that connected the city with the mainland of Tenochtitlan.

Floating Gardens: In addition to chinampas, the Aztecs also created floating gardens on the lakes. These floating plots consisted of mats made from reeds and mud that were anchored to the lake bottom. Different crops were grown on these floating gardens, providing a consistent food source for the dense city population.

These modifications transformed the environment around Mexico City and were crucial to its development as a thriving center of the Aztec civilization.