A significant growth period between 1970 and 2010 has transformed the landscape and culture of Cozumel. The population went from 10,000 to more than 75,000 residents during this time. As the largest town in Cozumel, San Miguel is home to most of the people who live on the island. El Cedral, south of San Miguel, houses most of the remaining residents.
Cozumel residents enjoy traditional municipal amenities such as schools, banks, hospitals, office complexes, grocery stores and fitness clubs. Two universities, the University of Quintana Roo and Partenon, provide higher-education opportunities for Mexican citizens and study-abroad students. Centro Medico de Cozumel (CMC) is the largest health care provider on the island. CMC offers emergency services, X-rays, laboratory testing, vaccinations, preventive medicine, gynecological and other services. Food is shipped to the island from the Mexican mainland and water comes from a seawater desalinization facility.
The largest industry in Cozumel is tourism. San Miguel merchants enjoy business opportunities that allow them to sell a variety of goods duty-free to tourists. Popular items include silver and gold jewelry, clothing, perfume, Mexican handicrafts, liquors and souvenirs. Other job opportunities exist in restaurant, hotel and tour operations.
Cozumel's roots in ancient Mayan history have carved part of the island's culture. Mayan people established a settlement in Cozumel 2,000 years ago. Mayans believed the island was a sacred shrine and it was known as the "land of swallows." Mayan ruins were discovered in 1518 by Spanish explorers. Many of the ruins still exist and have become sites for archaeological digs and tourist excursions. Annual events such as the carnival and festivals of Santa Cruz combine activities recognizing ancient culture and Catholic rituals.
Due to its high dependence on the tourism industry, household income for people living in Cozumel largely correlates to the strength of the industry. When tourism suffers, nearly all residents suffer from lack of income. Although Cozumel typically carries a low unemployment rate, cost of living is relatively high. Boosted by vacationers making second homes in Cozumel, real estate prices can be high, especially along the beaches. Utility bills also may be burdensome, especially for residents who run air conditioners full time.
