Mountains:
- Mountains are elevated regions of the Earth's crust that rise abruptly and significantly above the surrounding landscape. They are formed through various geological processes such as tectonic uplift, volcanic activity, or folding and faulting.
- Some of the prominent mountain ranges on Earth include the Himalayas in Asia, the Andes in South America, and the Rocky Mountains in North America.
Plateaus:
- Plateaus are extensive elevated areas of land that are relatively flat and have a considerable elevation above the surrounding terrain.
- They are often formed by tectonic uplift or volcanic activity. Some notable plateaus include the Tibetan Plateau in Asia, the Colorado Plateau in North America, and the Deccan Plateau in India.
Plains:
- Plains are flat or gently sloping areas with a low elevation and little relief.
- They are typically formed by the deposition of sediment from rivers, glaciers, or wind. Major plains include the Amazon Plain in South America, the Great Plains in North America, and the North China Plain in Asia.
Valleys:
- Valleys are elongated depressions or lowlands between hills or mountains. They are often formed by the erosive action of rivers or glaciers. Some of the famous valleys include the Grand Canyon in the United States, the Rhine Valley in Europe, and the Nile Valley in Africa.
These four categories represent the major types of landforms that shape the Earth's surface. Each of these categories can be further subdivided into various types based on their specific geological characteristics and geographical features.
