The following countries do not have research stations in Antarctica: Albania, Andorra, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, The Bahamas, Barbados, Grenada, Guyana, Iceland, Kiribati, Laos, Liberia, Luxembourg, Maldives, Malta, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Monaco, Montenegro, Nauru, North Macedonia, Palau, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, San Marino, São Tomé and Príncipe, Seychelles, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, South Sudan, Swaziland, Timor-Leste, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tuvalu, Vanuatu, and Vatican City.