What was the basis of claim to throne England?

- Edward II was the son of Edward I (r. 1272-1307) and Eleanor of Castile.

- Edward III claimed the throne through his father's direct descent from Henry II (r. 1154-1189) and Henry III (r. 1216-1272).

- Edward III's claim was reinforced by his marriage to Philippa of Hainault, who was a descendant of the French royal family.

Henry IV (r. 1399-1413), son of John of Gaunt (d. 1399), fourth son of Edward III

- John of Gaunt was the brother of Edward III's eldest son, Edward, the Black Prince (d. 1376).

- Henry IV claimed the throne based on his descent from Edward III and his status as the closest male heir.

- Henry IV's claim was challenged by Richard II (r. 1377-1399), the son of Edward, the Black Prince.

- Richard II was deposed by Henry IV in 1399, and Henry IV was crowned king.

Henry VII (r. 1485-1509), great-great-grandson of John of Gaunt

- Henry VII was the son of Edmund Tudor (d. 1456) and Margaret Beaufort (d. 1509).

- Edmund Tudor was the son of Owen Tudor (d. 1461) and Catherine of Valois (d. 1437), the widow of Henry V (r. 1413-1422).

- Margaret Beaufort was the granddaughter of John of Gaunt.

- Henry VII claimed the throne based on his descent from Edward III and his position as the closest male heir.

- Henry VII's claim was challenged by Richard III (r. 1483-1485), the brother of Edward IV (r. 1461-1483).

- Richard III was defeated and killed by Henry VII at the Battle of Bosworth Field in 1485, and Henry VII was crowned king.