Tornadoes form during thunderstorm development. Physics is heavily involved in the formation of these powerful storms. Cold air is heavier than warm air. Warm air rises in the storm system as the cold air drops. This creates a rotation in the storm cloud. Eventually the rotating air forms a downward spiral, which can turn into a destructive tornado. These conditions are highly specialized; that's why not all thunderstorms create tornadoes.
Texas' geography plays a key role in the reason it sees so many tornadoes. The front range of the Rocky Mountains begins in west Texas. The mixture of warm air from the Gulf of Mexico and the cool air from the mountains west of the state creates a perfect condition for tornado formation. Aside from this combination, Texas is prime for tornadoes because it's largely flat and subject to strong heating during the day. Also, wind flow is changeable, allowing for rotation to develop during thunderstorm formation.
According to the Tornado Project, Texas has the highest rate of tornado touchdowns for all states in the U.S. Texas also has the highest number of fatal tornadoes. According to the website Texas Tornado Storm Shelters, the Texas tornado season occurs in March through June; however, tornado touchdowns have occurred in all months. The average path of a Texas tornado that touches down is four miles long. Records have indicated that some tornadoes in Texas have traveled up to 100 miles or more. Winds have been known to reach up to 300 miles per hour, but, the average tornado wind speed reaches between 75 and 100 miles per hour.
Taking cover in a basement is the best option during a tornado, but that isn't always an option. Take cover in the lowest level of your house. A closet or a bathroom without windows is another good option. If possible, cover yourself with a mattress or thick comforters. Take a cell phone with you. If at all possible, find a central spot in your home. Debris from tornadoes has been known to break through walls.
