2. Geographical advantages: The Greeks chose to fight in narrow passes, such as the Battle of Thermopylae, where their superior numbers could not be fully utilized. This allowed the Greeks to use their disciplined tactics to their full advantage.
3. Naval superiority: The Greek fleet, though smaller, employed superior naval tactics and was able to defeat the Persian navy at critical moments, such as the Battle of Salamis.
4. Internal conflicts within the Persian Empire: The Persian Empire was a diverse collection of subject nations and ethnicities, and many of these groups were not fully committed to the war against Greece. This contributed to the eventual collapse of Persian morale and their ultimate defeat.
5. Motivation and discipline: The Greeks fought for their homeland, their freedom, and their culture, which gave them a significant psychological advantage over the invading Persians.
6. Leadership: Greek leaders such as Leonidas and Themistocles displayed exceptional leadership skills, inspiring their men and making tactical decisions that contributed to the Greek victories.
7. Time and resources: The conflict dragged on for more than a decade, and the Persians were stretched thin in terms of manpower, supplies, and financial resources. This ultimately played a significant role in their decision to withdraw.
