Spread out the map and locate the map scale, typically found in the bottom right corner. Scales are represented numerically in a ratio. For example, a map that reads "1:100" means that every 1 inch on the map represents 100 actual miles.
Set the straight edge or ruler onto your first point on the state map that you wish to get distance for and run the other end through the end point. Take the measurement to the end point and write it down. For example, if the distance between point X to point Y is 12 inches, write this down.
Take the scale and the measured distance and make the calculation based on the ratio. For example, if the scale is 1:5, and the measured distance is 12, the calculation would be 5x12, for a total of 60 direct air miles between the two points on the map.