What is the safety factor range of a roller coaster?

Roller coasters are designed with a safety factor that is typically between 2 and 3. This means that the roller coaster is designed to withstand forces that are at least twice, and sometimes three times, the forces that it is expected to experience during normal operation. This is done to ensure that the coaster can withstand any unexpected forces that may be encountered, such as strong winds or a derailment.