How Sand Dunes Affect the Earth's Surface

Sand dunes, shaped by wind, have both positive and negative impacts:

Positive:

• Protect coastlines from erosion.
• Create habitats for specialized plants/animals.
• Trap pollutants, improving air/water quality.

Negative:

• Block roads/railways when they migrate.
• Bury structures, causing property damage.
• Generate dust storms harming respiratory health.

Management: Stabilization (vegetation), fencing, restoration.