The Coliseum, locally known as the Colosseo, is Rome's most well known landmark. Towering over its surroundings, the 159 feet high structure is an amphitheater in which gladiators famously fought with animals or slaves. The Coliseum can be reached on the B line of the subway (metro) or by bus.
The Arch of Titus is a victory arch which was elected to celebrate Emperor Titus' conquest of Jerusalem and the Holy Temple of the Jews. Local Jews do not pass under the arch, as a sign of mourning and beginning of their exile from the Holy Land. The arch features a bass relief depicting the victorious Romans carrying loot and slaves to Rome.
The Roman Forum, located right behind the Arch of Titus, is a large area of ruins that once constituted Rome's marketplace, main square and house of the Senate. Engravings and mosaics can still be seen but it is advisable to tour the area with a knowledgeable guide or guidebook.
Early Christians in Rome buried their dead in underground catacombs to avoid burying them in Pagan cemeteries. Families usually took over specific areas and buried the dead in stone boxes. The catacombs stretch for many miles under Rome and are a treasure trove of frescoes with Early Christian symbols.
The Pantheon, located in the heart of old Rome not far from Piazza Navona, was built by Emperor Agrippa as a temple for the Roman Gods. It later burned down and was rebuilt by Emperor Hadrian and used as a church in the Middle Ages. The structure features a 142-foot dome with a large opening and the renaissance artist Raphael is buried within, amongst other famous personalities.
The Trevi Fountain is relatively recent compared to other Roman monuments. It was created in 1732 by Nicola Salvi at the request of Pope Clemente XII and features a statue of Neptune the sea God and other statues representing abundance and health. The water for the fountain comes from an aqueduct 12 miles outside Rome. Tourist traditionally toss coins into the fountain as a sign that they will return.
