Those staying in Scotland for more than 90 days who are citizens outside of England, Ireland and Northern Ireland must obtain a visa.
A visa application can be printed off the U.S. Department of State's website (see Resources) and must be turned in at a U.S. Embassy office along with specific documents.
You must provide your proof of citizenship as well as identification. This may be a driver's license, ID card or passport. Keep in mind you do need a passport to enter the country as well.
If you are traveling for a job, school or to visit family, you must provide proof of this to enter Scotland. This means you must have a letter from your family stating they live in the country or from your employer stating that you will be working in Scotland for an extended period of time.
Students who need visas to study in Scotland only need a visa if they are staying for more than six months. You can apply through the Embassy or online.