What characteristics was required to be a citizen of Athens?

In ancient Athens during the Golden Age (5th and 4th centuries BCE), certain characteristics were required for a person to be considered a citizen. These included:

1. Freeborn: Athenian citizenship was restricted to those born to Athenian parents, both father and mother. This excluded slaves and foreigners (metics), who did not enjoy the same rights and privileges as citizens.

2. Male: In ancient Athens, citizenship was limited to men, as women were considered subordinate to their male relatives and could not participate in political or public life.

3. Over the age of 20: Athenian citizens needed to be over 20 years of age to be considered adults and exercise their full citizen rights.

4. Completion of military service: Athenian men were required to undergo military training and serve in the city's military forces. Completing this service was essential for obtaining full citizenship.

5. Financial independence: Citizens were expected to be financially independent and contribute to the city through taxes or public service. This excluded individuals who relied on government assistance or were considered too poor to support themselves.

It is important to note that these characteristics were subject to change and modification over time, and there were also exceptions and special circumstances that could affect an individual's eligibility for citizenship.