Why do arctic explorers wear several layer of clothes instead one?

Trapped air provides insulation: Air is a poor conductor of heat. When multiple layers of clothing are worn, air gets trapped between the layers. This trapped air acts as an insulating layer, preventing the body heat from escaping. Each additional layer of clothing adds to the insulation effect.

Breathable materials allow for moisture management: Wearing several thin layers of breathable materials allows for better moisture management compared to a single thick layer. Breathable fabrics allow sweat vapor to escape while trapping warm air inside. This prevents moisture build-up and keeps the body dry, reducing the risk of hypothermia.

Flexibility and freedom of movement: Layering allows for greater flexibility and freedom of movement compared to a single bulky layer. Each layer can be adjusted or removed as needed, allowing explorers to adapt to changing weather conditions and activity levels without compromising comfort.

Ease of layering and adaptability: Layering provides the ability to easily adjust the level of insulation based on the weather conditions. Explorers can add or remove layers as needed, allowing them to respond quickly to changes in temperature.

Versatility for different activities: Different outdoor activities in the arctic may require different levels of insulation and protection. Layering allows explorers to customize their clothing system for specific activities, ensuring they have the right combination of warmth and breathability.