How are the materials delivered in Antarctica?

Materials delivered to Antarctica are usually transported by cargo ships via the Southern Ocean to research stations and bases located along the coast. During summer months when the sea ice breaks up, these vessels sail through open waters and sometimes travel through ice-filled channels. In the winter months, when sea ice covers most of the Ross and Weddell Seas and makes regular ship movements impossible, specialized icebreaker ships are used. These powerful ships can break through thick sea ice and reach research stations that must be resupplied year-round.

When weather conditions are favorable, air delivery of items is also possible. Cargo planes can land on specially prepared runways or ice runways (for wheeled or ski-equipped aircraft) and deliver essential items or personnel to various Antarctic locations. However, airdrops are less common and are used only in emergencies or for the delivery of high-priority items.

Additionally, some research stations in Antarctica have access to nearby ports, which makes it possible for cargo ships or icebreakers to directly transport materials and goods. However, many stations are located far from such ports and rely on logistical operations using aircraft or other specialized means to bring in much-needed supplies and equipment.