Using the "ADD" Acronym for AED Scene Safety Assessment

Quick Safety Check Before Defibrillation

When preparing to use an Automated External Defibrillator (AED), rescuers must ensure the scene is safe. The ADD mnemonic provides a rapid, systematic check:

A – Airway

Check the victim's airway for obstructions (vomit, blood, foreign objects, tongue). If blocked, clear it using head-tilt/chin-lift or jaw-thrust (if spinal injury suspected) before applying AED pads. An obstructed airway prevents effective ventilation if CPR is needed between shocks.

D – Danger

Scan the environment for hazards that could harm you, the victim, or bystanders:

• Electrical: Downed power lines, live wires, water near electrical equipment.
• Fire/Explosion: Flammable liquids, gas leaks, vehicle fuel.
• Traffic: Oncoming vehicles if on roadway.
• Structural: Unstable debris, collapsed ceilings.
• Violence: Active threat, aggressive bystanders.

If danger exists, do not approach until mitigated or professional help arrives.

D – Device

Verify the AED is ready:

• Power on – confirm battery indicator (green/OK).
• Pads – sealed, within expiry date, correct type (adult/pediatric).
• Accessories – scissors, razor, towel, mask (if kit includes).
• Function – some models self-test; listen for prompts.

If the AED fails any check, use a backup or continue CPR until one arrives.

Integration with BLS Sequence

1. Check responsiveness → Call 911/activate EMS → Get AED.
2. Apply ADD check before attaching pads.
3. Attach pads → Analyze → Shock if advised → Resume CPR.

Remember

ADD takes seconds. It prevents rescuer injury and ensures the AED can function effectively. Train regularly; follow local protocols.