What Russia Spends Its Budget On: Military, Social, Infrastructure, Economy, Foreign Aid

Russia's federal budget allocates resources across several major priorities:

1. Military & Defense: One of the world's largest defense budgets; modernization, nuclear forces, conventional forces, operations.
2. Social Programs: Pensions, healthcare, education, family support – large share of spending.
3. Infrastructure: Roads, railways (Trans-Siberian, Baikal-Amur), bridges, energy pipelines, Arctic development.
4. Economic Development: Business subsidies, state corporation funding, R&D, import substitution programs.
5. Foreign Aid: Modest vs. Western donors; focused on former Soviet states (CIS) and strategic partners.

Budget reflects geopolitical ambitions, social contract obligations, and vast geographic challenges.