How far apart are each mission from other?

The distance between each NASA mission varies greatly depending on the mission's destination and trajectory. Here are the approximate distances between some notable NASA missions:

1. Earth to Mars: The distance between Earth and Mars varies throughout the year due to the elliptical orbits of both planets. The closest approach, known as "opposition," occurs roughly every 26 months when the two planets are aligned on the same side of the Sun. During opposition, the distance between Earth and Mars can be as little as 54.6 million kilometers (33.9 million miles). However, when Earth and Mars are on opposite sides of the Sun, the distance can be as great as 401 million kilometers (249 million miles).

2. Earth to Moon: The average distance between Earth and the Moon is approximately 384,400 kilometers (238,900 miles). This distance can vary slightly due to the Moon's elliptical orbit around Earth.

3. Earth to Jupiter: The average distance between Earth and Jupiter is about 778 million kilometers (484 million miles). However, the distance can vary significantly as Jupiter orbits the Sun in an elliptical path.

4. Earth to Saturn: The average distance between Earth and Saturn is around 1.43 billion kilometers (889 million miles). Like Jupiter, Saturn's orbit is also elliptical, so the distance can vary over time.

5. Earth to Pluto: The average distance between Earth and Pluto is about 5.91 billion kilometers (3.67 billion miles). However, Pluto's highly eccentric orbit means that its distance from Earth can vary significantly. At its closest, Pluto can be as close as 4.4 billion kilometers (2.7 billion miles) from Earth, while at its farthest, it can be as far as 7.4 billion kilometers (4.6 billion miles).

6. Earth to Voyager 1 and Voyager 2: Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 are the two farthest human-made objects from Earth. Voyager 1 is currently about 23.5 billion kilometers (14.6 billion miles) from Earth, while Voyager 2 is roughly 19 billion kilometers (11.8 billion miles) away. Both spacecraft are traveling through interstellar space and continue to transmit data back to Earth.

These distances are vast and constantly changing due to the orbital mechanics of the planets and spacecraft. NASA uses precise navigation techniques and trajectory planning to ensure successful mission execution and communication with its spacecraft across these immense distances.