How does the Islamic calendar compare to Georgian calendar?

- Islamic Calendar (Hijri): Lunar-based, consisting of 12 lunar months. Each lunar month begins when a new moon is sighted.

- Gregorian Calendar (Solar): Solar-based, divided into 12 solar months. The length of each month is based on the Earth's orbit around the sun.

2. Year Length:

- Islamic Calendar Year: Approximately 354.37 days. The lunar year consists of 12 lunar cycles (synodic months), totaling about 354 days.

- Gregorian Calendar Year: 365 or 366 days. The solar year accounts for the time it takes for the Earth to complete one orbit around the sun, which is nearly 365.25 days. Leap years occur every four years to account for this fraction.

3. Months and Days:

- Islamic Calendar Months: 12 lunar months, each lasting between 29 and 30 days, based on the phases of the moon. The months are named according to their significance in the Islamic tradition.

- Gregorian Calendar Months: 12 solar months with varying numbers of days, ranging from 28 to 31 days, based on Earth's orbit. The month names are derived from ancient Roman and Germanic origins.

4. Leap Years:

- Islamic Calendar: Does not have leap years since the months are synchronized with the lunar cycle.

- Gregorian Calendar: Includes leap years every four years to adjust for the slight difference between the solar year and the calendar year.

5. Starting Point:

- Islamic Calendar (Anno Hegirae, AH): The year 1 AH marks the migration of Prophet Muhammad from Mecca to Medina, known as the Hijra, in the year 622 AD.

- Gregorian Calendar (Anno Domini, AD): Begins counting years from the year of Jesus' birth, which is the reference point for CE (Common Era) or AD (Anno Domini).

6. Week Structure:

- Islamic Calendar: The week consists of seven days, numbered from Saturday (first day) to Friday (last day).

- Gregorian Calendar: The week also consists of seven days, starting with Sunday (first day) and ending with Saturday (seventh day).

7. Calendar Purpose:

- Islamic Calendar: Primarily used for religious purposes, including determining holy days, fasting periods (Ramadan), and pilgrimage (Hajj).

- Gregorian Calendar: Widely adopted for civil purposes, including everyday scheduling, international business, and scientific calculations.