Here's an overview of the construction process of the Santa Cruz Mission:
1. Site Selection:
- The location for the mission was chosen by Father Fermín de Lasuén, the President of the California missions.
- The site was chosen based on its proximity to water, fertile land for agriculture, and the presence of a large Native American population.
2. Construction Materials:
- The primary building materials used were adobe (sun-dried bricks made of mud, straw, and water), wood, and sandstone.
- Sandstone was used for the foundation, walls, and some decorative elements.
- Redwood was used for beams, roofing, doors, and windows.
3. Labor:
- The mission was constructed by a combination of Spanish soldiers, Native American laborers, and skilled craftsmen, such as carpenters, masons, and blacksmiths.
- The indigenous laborers were primarily Ohlone people from the surrounding area.
4. Construction Phases:
- The mission was built in several phases over the years, with each phase focusing on different aspects of the complex:
- The first phase involved the construction of the basic structures, including the church, convento (living quarters for the missionaries), and workshops.
- The second phase focused on expanding and embellishing the church, adding ornate details, and building the mission's iconic bell tower.
- The third phase included the construction of additional structures, such as the granary, guest house, and industrial facilities like a gristmill and a tannery.
5. Architectural Style:
- The Santa Cruz Mission incorporates elements of Spanish Colonial and Mission Revival architectural styles.
- The church features a cruciform plan with a rectangular nave, transepts, and a domed sanctuary.
- The exterior of the church showcases intricate carvings, decorative moldings, and arched doorways.
6. Interior Design:
- The interior of the church was adorned with religious artwork, sculptures, and murals.
- The main altar featured a large retablo (an altarpiece) with elaborate carvings depicting biblical scenes.
7. Completion:
- The construction of the Santa Cruz Mission was completed in 1841, although some minor modifications and renovations continued after its initial completion.
The Santa Cruz Mission stands as a testament to the collaborative efforts of the Spanish missionaries and indigenous laborers who built this iconic landmark that has played a significant role in the history and cultural heritage of California.
