1. Economic push factors: These include factors related to the economy of the origin location, such as:
- Lack of job opportunities
- Low wages
- High unemployment
- Poverty
- Economic recession
- Economic instability
- Poor economic conditions
- Limited opportunities for business and entrepreneurship
2. Non-economic push factors: These include factors not directly related to the economy, such as:
- War and civil conflict
- Political instability
- Natural disasters or environmental hazards
- Persecution or discrimination based on ethnicity, religion, gender, sexual orientation, or other grounds
- Lack of access to basic services such as healthcare and education
- Social unrest and violence
- Human rights abuses
- High crime rates
- Personal reasons, such as desire for adventure or family reunification