What characteristics of romantic poetry is illustrated in the book London?

"London", written by William Blake in 1794, showcases several prominent characteristics of Romantic poetry. Here are some of the distinctive features of Romantic poetry illustrated in the poem:

1. Intense Emotion and Personal Expression: Romantic poetry often revolves around the poet's personal feelings and emotions. In "London", Blake expresses a deep sense of despair, anguish, and outrage at the social and moral decay he observes in the city. His vivid imagery and raw emotions convey the intensity of his response to the urban landscape.

2. Symbolism and Imagery: Romantic poets often used symbols and vivid imagery to convey complex ideas and emotions. In "London", Blake employs powerful imagery to create a symbolic representation of the oppressive and stifling atmosphere of London. Examples include references to "chartered Thames", "youthful harlot's curse", "hapless Soldier's sigh", and "mind-forged manacles", each symbolizing various aspects of the city's corrupting influence.

3. Focus on Nature and the Natural World: Romantic poets often found inspiration in nature, viewing it as a source of beauty, purity, and spiritual connection. In "London", however, Blake contrasts the natural world with the harsh realities of urban life. He juxtaposes the "chartered Thames" with the cries of "new-born infant's tears" and the "youthful harlot's curse", highlighting the contrast between the natural cycle of life and the suffering caused by societal corruption.

4. Critique of Society and Institutions: Romantic poets frequently criticized social norms and institutions that they perceived as oppressive or unjust. In "London", Blake launches a scathing critique of the societal structures and institutions he believes are responsible for the misery and degradation he witnesses. He challenges the authority of the monarchy, the church, and the legal system, blaming them for the suffering of the innocent and vulnerable.

5. Prophetic Vision: Many Romantic poets expressed a sense of visionary or prophetic insight. In "London", Blake adopts the role of a prophet as he foresees the consequences of unchecked oppression and societal decline. He predicts a potential revolution arising from the oppressed masses—"the foul charter" will "wash the miles wide", symbolizing the potential for sweeping change and societal transformation.

Overall, "London" exemplifies many of the defining characteristics of Romantic poetry, such as intense personal emotion, symbolic imagery, a focus on the natural world, critique of society and institutions, and a prophetic vision. Blake's powerful use of language and vivid imagery effectively convey his condemnation of the social injustices he perceived in London, illustrating the essence of Romantic poetry.