What is special about the length of daylight on 21st June and December in Antarctica?

The length of daylight on these two dates is peculiar due to the extreme latitude of Antarctica. It is crucial to remember that Antarctica is the southernmost continent on Earth, and it experiences extreme variations in daylight hours due to its location near the South Pole.

1. June 21st - Longest Day:

During the Southern Hemisphere's winter solstice on June 21st, the Sun briefly appears on the horizon in Antarctica, marking the start of the polar day (or midnight sun). This gradual process usually takes place around the winter solstice, and the Sun remains visible for about 24 hours. However, due to atmospheric refraction, the Sun may appear above the horizon for a few days before and after the actual solstice, resulting in uninterrupted daylight for several days.

2. December 21st - Shortest Day:

In contrast, December 21st marks the Southern Hemisphere's summer solstice, and it is the time of the polar night in Antarctica. During this period, the Sun remains below the horizon, resulting in continuous darkness for about 24 hours. Similar to the June solstice, the effects of atmospheric refraction may cause the Sun to remain below the horizon for a few days before and after the actual solstice, resulting in a prolonged period of darkness.

It's worth noting that the exact duration of daylight and darkness around these solstices varies depending on the specific latitude within Antarctica.