India is the only country that shares a maritime border with Sri Lanka. The two South Asian nations are separated by the Palk Strait and the Gulf of Mannar, with India lying to the north and west of the island nation.
India and Sri Lanka share millennia of cultural, religious, economic, and political connections. Buddhism spread from India to Sri Lanka in the 3rd century BCE, and trade links date back to ancient times. Today, the relationship spans defense cooperation, development assistance, and deep people-to-people ties, though it has occasionally been strained by issues such as the Sri Lankan civil war and fishing disputes.