What Are People From Other Countries Called? A Guide to Respectful Terminology

The terms used to describe people from other nations depend heavily on context, legal status, and sensitivity. Choosing the right word matters.

Common Terms and Their Nuances

• Foreigners / Foreign nationals – Neutral in legal/official contexts; can sound distancing or othering in casual speech.
• Citizens of [Country] / [Nationality] – Precise and respectful (e.g., "Japanese citizens," "Brazilian nationals").
• Expatriates (expats) – Typically refers to professionals living abroad temporarily, often by choice; carries a connotation of privilege.
• Immigrants – People who have moved to a country to settle permanently. A legal and descriptive term.
• Refugees – Individuals forced to flee due to war, persecution, or violence; protected under international law.
• Asylum seekers – People who have applied for refugee status and await a decision.
• Overseas residents / International residents – Broad, neutral descriptors for long-term foreign residents.

Best Practice

Whenever possible, use specific nationalities ("a nurse from the Philippines") rather than broad labels. Avoid terms that reduce people to their migration status unless relevant. Lead with humanity: "a family from Syria," not "a refugee family," unless the legal context requires it.