Understand your location. Wilderness areas in Africa can vary greatly. Before you depart, understand the area in which you will be traveling. Specific knowledge of terrain, geography, wildlife and plant life could be lifesaving in an emergency situation. If you are stranded in the desert, for example, it will be helpful to have a general idea of where the nearest oasis is.
Master survival skills. Learn how to make a bow-drill fire or a hand-drill fire. Research ways to construct shelters using local materials. Know how to get water, which plants are safe to eat, and how to avoid animals. Learn basic first aid. These simple skills will go a long way in an emergency survival situation.
Bring maps. Even if you are part of a tour group, take maps of the areas you will visit. If you become separated from your group, even a simple map can be a lifesaving tool. It will help you orient yourself and increase your chances of survival.
Stay hydrated. The most important factor for survival is to stay hydrated; the body can go without food for much longer than it can go without water. If there are no water sources, you can wring out your clothing to drink the sweat. To find water, follow animal trails, which often lead to watering holes. You may be able to squeeze water from leaves, roots or cacti, if available.
Keep cool. The extreme heat in some parts of Africa can contribute to dehydration, so stay in the shade during the hottest parts of the day and walk during the mornings or early evenings. Drink water as often as possible, if it is available.
Watch out for wildlife. Africa is notorious for its array of dangerous wildlife. Depending on the region you are in, you may need to watch out for stampeding elephants, crocodiles, rhinos or lions. Avoid wildlife when possible, and always keep an eye out for trees, tall rocks or other possible escape routes or things to put between you and a pursuing animal.
Don't wander too far. Unless you have a good idea how to find the nearest road or route to civilization, do not wander aimlessly through the African wilderness. If you were stranded on a trip, it is likely that someone has an idea of your general itinerary. The farther you go, the less likely you are to be found by rescue teams.
Stay calm. Studies of survival strategies say that attitude and a plan are some of the most crucial elements to survival. Do not panic, and plan actions to keep your mind occupied. Build a shelter, climb a tree to survey the area, gather firewood and do other tasks to feel purposeful. Mental fitness will carry you through the toughest African survival situation.
