Animal Domestication in the Indus Valley Civilization: Cattle, Sheep, Horses, and More

• Cattle: Early domesticated; milk, meat, ploughing, transport.
• Sheep & Goats: Wool, meat, clothing, food.
• Pigs: Meat, fat, protein source.
• Horses: Later introduction; transport, warfare, trade.
• Dogs: Companions, hunting, guarding.
• Poultry (Chickens): Eggs, meat.
• Water Buffalo: Milk, draught animals, suited to marshy regions.

Domestication enabled stable food supply, settled agriculture, trade, and commerce.