Wanderlust World Wanderlust World - A massive civil war against the Qing Dynasty, led by Hong Xiuquan, a Christian convert who claimed to be the younger brother of Jesus.
- The Taiping rebels established the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom in southern China, with Nanjing as their capital.
- The Qing Dynasty, supported by Western powers, eventually defeated the Taiping rebels.
Second Opium War (1856-1860)
- A conflict between the British and French against the Qing Dynasty, sparked by the British desire to expand their trade and the Chinese refusal to legalize opium.
- The Western powers won the war and imposed the Treaty of Tientsin on the Qing Dynasty, which gave them increased access to Chinese markets and ports.
Nian Rebellion (1853-1868)
- Another major civil war against the Qing Dynasty, centered in northern China.
- The Nian rebels were eventually defeated by the Qing Dynasty.
Tongzhi Restoration (1861-1875)
- A period of relative peace and prosperity in China, during which the Qing Dynasty attempted to modernize the country and strengthen its military.
- The Tongzhi Restoration was ultimately unsuccessful due to internal conflicts within the Qing Dynasty and continued pressure from Western powers.