* Mongolia
* Russia
* North Korea
* South Korea
* Vietnam
* Laos
* Cambodia
* Thailand
* Myanmar
* India
* Nepal
* Bhutan
These countries were not all part of China at the same time, and some of them were only briefly under Chinese control. However, they all have some historical connection to China, and their cultures have been influenced by Chinese culture.
In addition to these countries, China also has several territories that are not considered part of its mainland. These territories include:
* Hong Kong
* Macau
* Taiwan
Hong Kong and Macau are former British and Portuguese colonies, respectively, that were returned to China in 1997 and 1999. Taiwan is a self-governing island that has been claimed by China since the Chinese Civil War ended in 1949.
The territorial claims of China are complex and often disputed, and there are a number of unresolved territorial disputes with neighboring countries. These disputes are often the source of tension and conflict in the region.