Jakarta, the capital of Indonesia, is the major hub of the government-owned airline. According to the Garuda Indonesia route map, there are direct flights from Jakarta to 16 of the 20 other cities in Indonesia to which Garuda flies. The exceptions are Denpasar (which requires a layover in Yogyakarta), Manado (layover in Makassar) and Biak, Jayapura and Timika, all on the far eastern part of the country. Jakarta's direct flight to Pontianak is operated by its low-cost budget airline Citilink, which operates a handful of flights in the central part of the country.
Aside from Jakarta, Garuda flies to 20 other cities in Indonesia. They are (in alphabetical order): Banda Aceh, Banjarmasin, Balikpapan, Batam, Biak, Denpasar, Jayapura, Manado, Medan, Padang, Palembang, Pekanbaru, Pontianak, Palangkaraya, Semarang, Solo, Surabaya, Timika, Ujung Pandang and Yogyakarta. Most of these cities have more than the one route to and from Jakarta and most cities in the center of the country have at least one Citilink flight.
Denpasar, in eastern Indonesia, serves as a hub for Garuda's destinations in Australia: Adelaide, Brisbane, Darwin, Perth and Sydney. There is no direct flight from Denpasar to Auckland, New Zealand; it requires a stop in Brisbane. Within Australia, Garuda operates flights between Adelaide and Melbourne, Melbourne and Sydney, and Sydney and Brisbane.
Denpasar also operates non-stop flights to Nagoya, Osaka, and Tokyo in Japan and Seoul, South Korea; Jakarta flies directly to Tokyo as well. There are flights from Jakarta to Ghuangzhou, China, and Hong Kong and Singapore flies to Beijing and Shanghai in China.
Garuda also has a few international routes emanating from Singapore. From Singapore, there are flights to Bangkok, Thailand; Ho Chi Minh City; Vietnam; and Kuala Lampur, Malaysia. A few cities in Indonesia besides Jakarta have flights to Singapore: Denpasar, Padang, Pekanbaru, Semarang, Surabaya and Yogyakarta. There's also a route between Kuala Lampur and Denpasar.
Jakarta flies to three destinations in Saudi Arabia: Riyadh, the capital; the resort town of Jeddah; and Dammam. There is also a shuttle flight between Riyadh and Dammam. According to Garuda's website, the main purpose of these flights, which started in 1956, is for hajj pilgrims. The airline says it flies 100,000 of these passengers annually.
