| Location | Central/eastern Canada + N. Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan, NY (Adirondacks) | Eastern NA: Alabama to Newfoundland (2,000 mi) |
| Geology | Precambrian igneous/metamorphic (granite, gneiss, greenstone) — 2.5–4 Ga | Paleozoic sedimentary (sandstone, limestone) + metamorphic/igneous — 300–500 Ma folding |
| Topography | Low-relief, rocky, lake-studded (glacial scouring); avg 300–600 m | Rugged ridges, valleys, peaks; highest: Mt. Mitchell 2,037 m |
| Climate | Subarctic to humid continental; cold winters, short summers | Humid temperate to subtropical; milder, more precip |
| Vegetation | Boreal forest (spruce, fir, pine); tundra north | Deciduous (oak, maple) low; coniferous (spruce, fir) high; alpine |
| Population/Land Use | Sparse; mining, forestry, hydro, Indigenous lands, recreation | Dense (megalopolis); agriculture, forestry, coal/gas, recreation, urban |