The Tonkawa lived in the central and southern Great Plains, in present-day Texas, Oklahoma, and Kansas.
The Karankawa lived along the Texas Gulf Coast, from Galveston Bay to the Rio Grande.
The Coahuilteca lived in the region of present-day Coahuila, Mexico, and the adjacent parts of Texas and Nuevo Leon.
The Jumano lived in the region of present-day New Mexico, Texas, and Chihuahua, Mexico.
The Apache lived in the southwestern United States and northern Mexico.
The Comanches lived in the southern Great Plains, in present-day Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, and New Mexico.