Geographical Advantages: The Isthmus of Panama is a narrow strip of land that connects North and South America. At its narrowest point, it is only about 50 miles (80 kilometers) wide. This made it an ideal location for a canal, as it would require less excavation than other potential routes.
Existing Waterways: Panama already had two natural waterways that could be utilized for the canal project. The Chagres River flowed from the interior of the country to the Atlantic Ocean, while the Rio Grande flowed to the Pacific Ocean. These waterways could be used to provide water for the canal's locks, as well as for transportation of construction materials and equipment.
Favorable Topography: The terrain of Panama was relatively flat, with no major mountain ranges or other obstacles that would have made the construction of a canal extremely difficult. This made the excavation process easier and reduced the amount of time and resources required.
Political Stability: Panama was under the control of the United States at the time, which ensured political stability and a favorable environment for the construction of the canal. The United States had acquired the rights to build and operate the canal through the Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty of 1903.
Access to Resources: Panama had an abundance of natural resources, such as timber and stone, which were essential for the construction of the canal. These resources were readily available and helped reduce the cost and logistical challenges of the project.
It is important to note that the selection of Panama as the site for the canal was not without challenges. The construction of the Panama Canal was a massive undertaking that required overcoming significant engineering, technical, and health-related obstacles. However, the geographical advantages and existing infrastructure made Panama the most feasible location for connecting the Atlantic and Pacific oceans.
