- Waves, tides, and currents can erode coastlines, creating cliffs, headlands, and other landforms.
- Abrasion: The physical wearing down of the coastline due to the impact of waves and the materials they carry, such as sand and pebbles.
- Hydraulic action: The force of water compressing air in cracks and joints in the rocks, causing them to break down and be removed.
- Solution: The chemical weathering of rocks by seawater, which is particularly effective in areas with high levels of acidity or salinity.
2) Deposition
- Oceans can also deposit sediment on the coast, building up beaches, sand dunes, and other landforms.
- As waves break, they deposit sediment on the shore. Over time, this can build up to form beaches, sand dunes, and other landforms.
3) Flooding
- Ocean waves and storm surges can inundate coastal areas, flooding low-lying land and causing erosion and damage to property.
4) Creation of new land
- In some cases, oceans can also create new land by depositing sediment or by forming coral reefs.
5) Climate change
- Climate change is causing sea levels to rise, which is leading to increased coastal erosion and flooding.
