The Middle East's Economic Backbone: The Oil and Gas Industry

Oil and gas is the dominant industry in the Middle East. The region holds the world's largest proven reserves of petroleum and natural gas.

Major national oil companies—Saudi Aramco, National Iranian Oil Company (NIOC), Abu Dhabi National Oil Company (ADNOC), and Qatar Petroleum (QP)—are global energy giants headquartered in the region. The sector drives government revenues, export earnings, and geopolitical influence.