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1. Shared values and a common identity:
Nigerians share a common language, culture, and history. This shared identity, combined with a commitment to democratic principles, provides a strong foundation for federalism.
2. Geographical diversity:
Nigeria's large size (over 923,000 sq km) and diverse geography lend themselves to federalism. The country has a wide range of ethnic groups, languages, and cultures, as well as different terrains and resources. Federalism allows for the accommodation of this diversity and ensures that all parts of the country are well-represented in the decision-making process.
3. Economic interdependence:
The different regions of Nigeria are economically interdependent, with each region contributing to the nation's overall prosperity. This interdependence encourages cooperation between states and makes it easier to overcome conflicts that may arise between different regions.
4. Constitutional protections for minority rights:
The Nigerian Constitution includes a number of provisions that protect the rights of minority groups, including:
• The guarantee of equal rights for all citizens, regardless of tribe, ethnicity, or religion
• The creation of a federal character commission to ensure that all states are equitably represented in federal appointments and institutions.
• The establishment of a revenue allocation formula that ensures that each state receives a fair share of federal revenues.
5. A strong central government:
The Nigerian Constitution establishes a strong central government responsible for key areas such as foreign policy, defense, currency, and interstate commerce. This strong central government helps to ensure that the country remains unified and that national interests are protected.
These conditions have all played a role in making Nigerian federalism a success, and they continue to be essential to the country's stability and prosperity.