| Region | States | Density (people/km²) | Density (people/sq mi) |
|---|---|---|---|
| North | Acre, Amapá, Amazonas, Pará, Rondônia, Roraima, Tocantins | 5.3 | 13.7 |
| South | Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina | 48.3 | 125.1 |
North (Amazon Basin): Dense rainforest, poor soils, disease, remoteness, limited infrastructure. Settlement historically discouraged; recent migration for mining, logging, agribusiness remains sparse.
South (Subtropical): Fertile basalt soils, temperate climate, European immigration (German, Italian, Polish) from 1820s onward, early industrialization, dense transport networks. Resembles Argentina/Uruguay demographically.
The North covers 45% of Brazil's land but holds <5% of its population. The South, 7% of land, holds ~15%. This shapes politics, resource allocation, and environmental policy (Amazon conservation vs. southern agribusiness).