What were the main features of indigenous culture prior to colonization north America?

Social Organization

- Varied, from highly stratified societies to egalitarian groups

- Kinship-based, often organized into clans or tribes

- Strong sense of community and cooperation

- Gender roles varied, but women often played important roles in society

Political Organization

- Range of political systems, from hereditary chiefdoms to democratic councils

- Decisions often made by consensus

- Emphasis on maintaining balance and harmony

Economic Systems

- Subsistence economies based on hunting, gathering, fishing, and agriculture

- Trade and barter between different groups

- Gift-giving and reciprocity important economic principles

Religious Beliefs and Practices

- Varied, but often included belief in a creator deity and a spirit world

- Many ceremonies and rituals connected to nature and the cycles of life

- Shamans or medicine men played important roles in religious ceremonies and healing

Art and Cultural Expression

- Rich artistic traditions, including music, dance, painting, sculpture, and storytelling

- Art often used to express spiritual beliefs and cultural values

- Oral traditions and storytelling were important ways of preserving and transmitting culture

Environmental stewardship

- Indigenous cultures had a deep understanding of the natural environment and often developed sustainable practices for managing resources.

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