Formally independent but under the influence/control of a stronger state. The protector provides military defense in exchange for political, economic, or military concessions. The protectorate retains nominal sovereignty but often hosts foreign bases and follows the protector’s foreign policy.
Directly ruled by the colonizing power. A governor or appointed official administers the territory. The colonizer imposes laws, exploits resources, and may use the colony for raw materials, labor, or military recruits.