2. Climate change and its effects on the city: The city's infrastructure is also at risk from climate change, as rising sea levels and more frequent extreme weather events could cause flooding and other damage.
3. Pollution: New York City generates a large amount of waste, which can pollute the air, water, and soil. Air pollution from cars and trucks is a major contributor to smog and respiratory problems. Water pollution from sewage and industrial waste can contaminate rivers, harbors, and beaches.