Rights Agreed in the Treaty of Tordesillas

The 1494 Treaty of Tordesillas between Spain and Portugal established:

1. Line of Demarcation: 370 leagues west of Cape Verde Islands; Portugal got lands east, Spain west.
2. Exclusive Exploration & Colonization: Each agreed not to encroach on the other’s hemisphere.
3. Freedom of Navigation: Both retained rights to sail and trade globally, respecting the division.
4. Dispute Resolution: Conflicts to be settled peacefully via negotiation.
5. Papal Sanction: Pope Alexander VI ratified with bulls (e.g., Inter caetera), giving religious authority.