1. War of the Spanish Succession (1701-1714):
- The War of the Spanish Succession was a major conflict between various European powers over who would succeed to the Spanish throne after the death of Charles II of Spain without a clear heir.
- France supported the claim of Philip, Duke of Anjou (Philip V of Spain), while England, Austria, and the Dutch Republic supported the claim of Archduke Charles of Austria.
- The war ended with the Treaty of Utrecht, which confirmed Philip V as king of Spain but also limited the power and influence of France in Europe.
2. Treaty of the Pyrenees (1659):
- The Treaty of the Pyrenees was signed between France and Spain to end the Franco-Spanish War (1635-1659).
- Under the treaty, France acquired territories in the Spanish Netherlands (present-day Belgium) and some areas in Catalonia, while Spain retained control of the Franche-Comté region.
- The treaty also arranged for the marriage between Louis XIV of France and Maria Theresa, the daughter of King Philip IV of Spain.
3. Fronde Wars (1648-1653):
- The Fronde Wars were a series of civil wars in France between the French crown and various factions, including nobles and the Parlement of Paris.
- Spain supported the Frondeurs in an attempt to weaken France, but their support was limited due to their own internal struggles.
4. Thirty Years' War (1618-1648):
- The Thirty Years' War was a pan-European conflict that involved most of the major European powers.
- France and Spain were on opposing sides, with France supporting the Protestant cause and Spain supporting the Catholic cause.
- The war ended with the Peace of Westphalia, which established the principle of cuius regio, eius religio, meaning "whose region, his religion," which gave rulers the right to determine the religion of their territories.
5. War of Devolution (1667-1668):
- The War of Devolution was a conflict between France and Spain over the Spanish Netherlands.
- France claimed these territories based on the principle of devolution, which allowed children to inherit their mother's property even if they were not the eldest child.
- The war ended with the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle, which granted France some territories in the Spanish Netherlands.
In summary, the relations between France and Spain in the 1600s were characterized by a combination of rivalry, conflict, and occasional cooperation. The two countries were often at odds over territorial disputes, religious differences, and struggles for power and influence in Europe.
