US States Northeast of the Yucatán Peninsula? None.

No U.S. state lies northeast of the Yucatán Peninsula.

The Yucatán Peninsula (Mexico, Belize, Guatemala) sits at ~18–21° N, 87–90° W. The nearest US territory is:

• Florida Keys / Key West – ~600 km (370 mi) north-northeast.
• Southwest Florida (Naples, Fort Myers) – ~650 km north.
• Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Texas – north to northwest across the Gulf.

All US states are north or northwest of Yucatán; none are northeast.