Mexico's independence from Spain opened Texas to foreign settlers. The new government authorized empresarios (land agents) to recruit families, offering generous land grants.
Post-independence turmoil led to inconsistent policies, land disputes, and tax uncertainties, frustrating colonists and fueling desires for autonomy.
Initially welcoming Anglo-Americans, Mexico grew alarmed by their numbers and cultural divergence. The Law of April 6, 1830 banned further U.S. immigration, escalating tensions.
Differences in language, religion (Catholicism vs. Protestantism), and legal traditions (civil law vs. common law) deepened mistrust.
These friction points culminated in the Texas Revolution (1835–1836), leading to independence and eventual U.S. annexation (1845).