Spain Today: Politics, Economy, Society, and Culture

Political Landscape

Constitutional monarchy; King Felipe VI (head of state), Prime Minister (executive). Multi-party system: PSOE (center-left) and PP (center-right) dominate; coalition governments common.

Economy

Developed, high-income, EU/eurozone member. Sectors: services (tourism #1), industry (auto, chemicals), agriculture. Recovering from 2008 crisis; high unemployment persists, especially youth.

Society & Culture

• Languages: Spanish (Castilian) official nationwide; Catalan, Galician, Basque, Aranese co-official in regions.
• Religion: Majority Catholic (cultural), secular constitution, growing non-religious minority.
• Social Progress: Same-sex marriage legal (2005), abortion rights, strong feminist movement, climate action.

Global Role

EU, UN, NATO, OECD member. Spanish is world's 2nd most spoken native language. Cultural influence across Latin America.