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- Inspired anti-colonial and republican sentiments in Latin America.
- Weakened Spain, which was allied with France against Britain.
2. Napoleonic Wars (1803-1815):
- Spain was preoccupied with fighting against Napoleon, leaving its colonies vulnerable.
3. British Involvement:
- Britain supported Spanish American independence movements to weaken Spain.
- British merchants traded with Latin America, creating economic ties.
4. Spanish American Revolutions:
- Successful revolutions in other parts of Spanish America, such as Argentina and Venezuela, inspired Mexicans.
5. Peninsular War (1808-1814):
- French occupation of Spain led to power vacuum in Mexico.
- Mexican creoles (elite landowners) saw an opportunity for self-rule.
6. Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla's Rebellion (1810):
- Hidalgo, a priest, ignited the Mexican Independence movement with the "Cry of Dolores" speech.
- He formed an army of peasants and indigenous people, but was later captured and executed by Spanish authorities.
7. José María Morelos y Pavón's Leadership (1811-1815):
- After Hidalgo's death, Morelos led the independence movement.
- He captured several cities and gained support from indigenous groups.
8. Agustín de Iturbide's Plan of Iguala (1821):
- Iturbide, a former royalist officer, proposed a compromise between the Spanish and Mexican forces.
- The Plan called for Mexican independence, equality for all citizens, and a constitutional monarchy.
9. Treaty of Córdoba (1821):
- The Spanish viceroy signed the treaty, accepting Mexico's independence.
- Mexico officially declared its independence on September 28, 1821.
In summary, a combination of global events, such as the French Revolution and Napoleonic Wars, as well as internal factors like the desire for self-rule and inspiration from other successful revolutions in Latin America, led to Mexican Independence.